基于网络药理学的小陷胸汤治疗2型糖尿病的药理机制

目的:利用网络药理学探索小陷胸汤治疗2型糖尿病(T2DM)的药理机制。方法:在中药系统药理学技术平台(TCMSP)网站检索小陷胸汤的主要活性成分、对应的作用靶点及靶标基因,通过人类基因数据库(Gene Cards)获得T2DM的相关靶标基因,将药物活性成分靶点与T2DM靶点相映射,获得交集靶点即为小陷胸汤作用于T2DM的预测靶点。利用Cytoscape 3. 7. 1软件构建药物活性成分-交集靶点网络模型,选出关键活性成分。利用STRING网站构建交集靶点蛋白相互作用网络(PPI),选出关键靶点基因。利用DAVID 6. 8在线工具对交集靶点进行基因本体(GO)分析和基于京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)通路富集分析。结果:小陷胸汤作用于T2DM的活性成分有30个,相关靶点156个,关键有效成分14个,关键靶点基因18个。GO分析显示,小陷胸汤治疗T2DM潜在基因的生物功能主要涉及转录调控、氧化应激、蛋白结合和炎症反应等;KEGG通路富集显示小陷胸汤治疗T2DM影响的通路主要有缺诱导因子-1(HIF-1)信号通路,肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)信号通路,Toll样受体信号通路,甲状腺激素信号通路,磷脂酰肌醇氧3激酶/蛋白激酶B(PI3K/Akt)信号通路,乙肝,丙肝,酪氨酸激酶受体2(Erb B)信号通路,钙离子信号通路和核转录因子-κB(NF-кB)信号通路等。结论:小陷胸汤治疗T2DM机制可能是通过抑制炎症因子分泌,参与抗炎反应,降低氧化应激,升高细胞内钙离子浓度,阻断胰高血糖素信号通路,激活PI3K/Akt通路等来改善胰岛素抵抗,提高胰岛素敏感性,降低血糖。     

"双固一通"艾灸法对糖尿病及糖尿病周围神经病变大鼠海马BDNF和NT-3蛋白的影响

目的观察“双固一通”艾灸法对糖尿病DM 及糖尿病周围神经病变(DPN)大鼠血糖及海马中神经营养因子(BDNF)和神经营养素-3(NT-3)蛋白的影响。方法75只雄性SD大鼠随机分为A组、B组、C组、D组和E组,每组15只。A组为正常对照组,不进行任何干预,B组为DM模型组,造模后不行艾灸干预;C组为DM艾灸治疗组,采用艾条悬灸;D组为DPN模型组,造模后不行艾灸干预;E组为DPN艾灸治疗组,采用艾条悬灸。于造模后72 h、4周治疗结束后和8周治疗结束后空腹尾静脉采血测血糖,于4周治疗结束后和8周治疗结束后,用免疫组化试验方法检测各组大鼠海马中BDNF和NT-3蛋白表达情况。结果B组、D组与A组血糖水平比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),C组与B组比较,大鼠血糖水平降低(P<0.05);E组与D组比较,大鼠血糖水平降低(P<0.05)。B组、D组大鼠海马BDNF及NT-3免疫阳性神经元平均光密度值较A组明显减少(P<0.05);与B组比较,C组大鼠BDNF及NT-3免疫阳性神经元平均光密度值明显增加(P<0.05);与D组比较,E组大鼠BDNF及NT-3免疫阳性神经元平均光密度值明显增加(P<0.05)。结论“双固一通”艾灸法不仅可以起到明显的降糖效果,还可通过影响BDNF和NT-3蛋白的产生,保护糖尿病大鼠的感觉神经元,并对糖尿病及并发症周围神经病变起到治疗作用。     

唐以前医籍中有关消渴病饮食服药宜忌探析

消渴病与饮食关系密切,关于消渴病发病及治疗过程中的饮食、服药宜忌古已有之。其思想发源于《内经》,具体论述始于《伤寒杂病论》,在魏晋南北朝时期的诸多医籍中不断积累完善,到了唐代《外台秘要》和《医心方》时已经比较成熟,能够自成体系。通过系统总结唐以前医籍所载关于消渴病饮食及服药宜忌内容,分析其内在规律,有助于扩展和加深对糖尿病饮食宜忌相关的学术研究。     

从胰岛微循环探索“脾气散精”环节对血糖稳态的调节机制

减少血糖波动是目前干预糖尿病和预防并发症的重点,也是中医药在糖尿病治疗中的优势所在。越来越多的研究表明,胰岛微循环障碍是胰岛功能下降进而引发血糖波动的关键病理环节,而胰岛微循环局部肾素-血管紧张素系统(renin-angiotensin system,RAS)的过度激活作为胰岛功能失代偿的使动环节,与胰岛内分泌细胞功能密切相关,是研究胰岛功能的关键靶点。中医学认为糖尿病血糖波动与"脾气散精"障碍密切相关,脾不散"精"(血糖),精滞为浊,浊邪壅塞,是血糖稳态失衡的使动环节,亦为糖尿病全病程的关键病机。通过补益"脾"气以促进"胰"中精微物质的布散能够恢复糖调节激素间的平衡,从而减少血糖波动。目前,"脾气散精"对血糖波动的调节机制尚不明确。作者基于以往的临床和科研工作基础,提出"脾气散精"环节通过促进机体胰岛微循环从而发挥其改善胰岛功能、调节血糖稳态的作用,其机制可能与抑制胰岛微循环局部RAS的激活状态相关。RAS系统在胰岛微循环中各信号通路的相互拮抗关系,与中医理论中脾气散精与固精作用的对立制约关系相类似。因此"脾气散精"环节对血糖波动的调节机制有必要从胰岛微循环RAS整体调控的角度进行深入探索,以此揭示中医药调节机体内环境稳态,减少糖尿病患者血糖波动的科学内涵。     

Impaired function of fibroblast growth factor 23 / Klotho protein axis in prediabetes and diabetes mellitus: Promising predictor of cardiovascular risk

The discovery of clear molecular mechanisms of early cardiac and vascular complications in patients with prediabetes and known diabetes mellitus are core element of stratification at risk with predictive model creation further. Previous clinical studies have shown a pivotal role of impaired signaling axis of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), FGF23 receptor isoforms and its co-factor Klotho protein in cardiovascular (CV) complications in prediabetes and diabetes. Although there were data received in clinical studies, which confirmed a causative role of altered function of FGF-23/Klotho protein axis in manifestation of CV disease in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the target therapy of these diseases directing on improvement of metabolic profiles, systemic and adipokine-relating inflammation by beneficial restoring of dysregulation in FGF-23/Klotho protein axis remain to be not fully clear. The aim of the review was to summarize findings regarding the role of impaired FGF-23/Klotho protein axis in developing CV complications in patients with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus. It has been elucidated that elevated levels of FGF-23 and deficiency of Klotho protein in peripheral blood are predictors of CV disease and CV outcomes in patients with (pre) diabetes, while predictive values of dynamic changes of the concentrations of these biomarkers require to be elucidated in detail in the future.     

Association between long-term exposure of ambient air pollutants and cardiometabolic diseases: A 2012 Korean Community Health Survey

Background and aim

The associations of long-term exposure to particulate matter <10 μm in size (PM₁₀), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), and ozone (O₃) with cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) remain uncertain in the Korean population. Therefore, we sought to examine the associations between PM₁₀, NO₂, CO, SO₂, and O₃ and CMD using data collected from the Korean Community Health Survey.

Exercise Intolerance in Patients With Heart Failure: JACC State-of-the-Art Review

Exercise intolerance is the cardinal symptom of heart failure (HF) and is of crucial relevance, because it is associated with a poor quality of life and increased mortality. While impaired cardiac reserve is considered to be central in HF, reduced exercise and functional capacity are the result of key patient characteristics and multisystem dysfunction, including aging, impaired pulmonary reserve, as well as peripheral and respiratory skeletal muscle dysfunction. We herein review the different modalities to quantify exercise intolerance, the pathophysiology of HF, and comorbid conditions as they lead to reductions in exercise and functional capacity, highlighting the fact that distinct causes may coexist and variably contribute to exercise intolerance in patients with HF.     

Nutraceuticals use and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complicated metabolic disease and has become one of the significant medical problems worldwide. Researchers aim to provide fine-tuned treatment for T2DM with minimal exposed side effects. Nutraceuticals are compounds or materials and emerging evidence suggests that the use of nutraceuticals has recently been recognized as a promising option for the prevention and management of T2DM, such as probiotics and prebiotics, Vitamin D, n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, and Plant-derived nutraceuticals. This review attempts to show the most popular nutraceuticals and review their effects and possible mechanisms in the prevention or glycemic control of T2DM.     

糖尿病合并结核潜伏感染的研究热点与趋势分析

目的 探讨糖尿病合并结核潜伏感染的研究现状、热点与前沿。方法 收集Web of Science核心合集于2000年1月1日至2021年11月20日发表的糖尿病合并结核潜伏感染的相关文章，运用CiteSpace 5.8.R3软件进行可视化分析。结果 共纳入英文文献148篇，近20年来该领域发文量呈上升趋势。美国发文量最多（46篇, 31.08%），机构间合作情况的可视化分析共得到个340节点、929条连线，网络密度为0.0161，作者间合作关系的知识图谱共得到790个节点、2425条连线，网络密度为0.0078，关键词共现分析结果显示，糖尿病合并结核潜伏感染的危险因素、患病率、诊断和治疗是该领域的研究热点和趋势。结论 糖尿病合并结核潜伏感染的发文量不断增加，机构间、区域内和国际范围内的合作有待进一步开展。立足国情，探索慢病共病的管理模式将有助于优化共病管理，进一步推动慢病管理的进程。